The 446th CIES Football Observatory Weekly Post presents the 100 clubs with the most profitable academies in the world in terms of revenues generated over the last ten years by the transfer of players who spent at least three seasons there between the ages of 15 and 21*. Portuguese side SL Benfica are clearly in the lead with €516 million, two thirds of which has been collected in the last five years.

AFC Ajax (€376 million) and Olympique Lyonnais (€370 million) complete the podium. As in the case of Benfica, the majority of Ajax’s revenues from the transfer of players from its academy has been generated over the last five years (66%). Despite transfer price inflation, this percentage is much lower for Olympique Lyonnais (50%).

Also in the top ten are three English clubs (Chelsea, Tottenham and Manchester City), a second Portuguese team (Sporting CP), as well as Real Madrid (fourth), AS Monaco (sixth, largely thanks to the revenues from Kylian Mbappé’s transfer to Paris St-Germain) and Italy’s Atalanta (tenth). Outside Europe, the clubs with the most profitable academies are Brazil’s Flamengo (thirteenth) and Argentina’s River Plate (fourteenth).

* Including add-ons regardless of their actual receipt.

>>> Find out the top 100

The 445th issue of the Weekly Post presents the 100 players in the world with the highest estimated transfer values according to the CIES Football Observatory statistical model*. English youngster Jude Bellingham (Real Madrid) tops the list with a transfer value of €267.5m, ahead of Norway’s Erling Haaland (Manchester City) and his two Brazilian teammates Vinícius Júnior and Rodrygo Goes.

As for the other leagues in the Europe’s big-5, Jamal Musiala (Bayern Munich) heads the rankings for the German Bundesliga, Khvicha Kvaratskhelia (SSC Napoli) for Italy’s Serie A and, despite a contract expiring in June, Kylian Mbappé (Paris St-Germain) for France’s Ligue 1. Outside the big-5, António Silva (SL Benfica) is ahead of Gonçalo Inácio (Sporting CP) and Endrick Felipe (SE Palmeiras, on loan from Real Madrid).

Compared to the estimates published last June, the number of players with a transfer value in excess of €100 million has almost doubled (from 20 to 39), reflecting the sharp inflation in player prices occurred during the summer 2023 transfer window. The value of the hundredth player with the highest estimated value is now €71.3 million, compared with €53.4 million in June 2023.

* Based on more than 6’000 paying fee transactions, the CIES Football Observatory statistical model allows us to accurately predict the transfer fees that clubs are likely to pay, given the prices invested in the past for players with similar characteristics. The estimates do not take into account eventual buy-out clauses. They refer to 100% of the economic rights and include both fixed and conditional sums (add-ons).

More information on demand.

>>> Top 100 list

The 90th Monthly Report of the CIES Football Observatory presents the 30 players born in 2003 or later for nine different positions who have accumulated the most playing experience* over the last year. With 17 footballers, the Spanish Liga is the most represented league, followed by the Dutch Eredivisie, the Belgian Pro League and the MLS in the United States and Canada (16 players in the three cases).

The following footballers head the rankings for their respective position:

• Goalkeepers: Guillaume Restes (2005), Toulouse FC, experience score 77.6 out of 100
• Centre backs: Giorgio Scalvini (2003), Atalanta BC, 92.7
• Right full/wing backs: Arnau Martínez (2003), Girona FC, 95.4
• Left full/wing backs: Alejandro Balde (2003), FC Barcelona, 95.4
• Holding midfielders: Pablo Gavi (2004), FC Barcelona, 96.0
• Attacking midfielders: Jude Bellingham (2003), Real Madrid, 96.2
• Right wingers: Xavi Simons (2003), RB Leizpig, 90.6
• Left wingers: Alejandro Garnacho (2004), Manchester United, 82.9
• Centre forwards: Rasmus Höjlund (2003), Manchester United, 88.9

All the rankings are available for free here. Thank you for your interest and happy holidays!

* Expressed on the basis of 100, the ’experience score’ was calculated from the number of official game minutes played at club (league, national cups, international cups) or national team (senior, U23 and U21) level in 2023 (limited to 2,250 minutes), the sporting level of the 25 most competitive matches in which the footballers took part (method available in this note), as well as the percentage of minutes played as first choice players.

The last CIES Football Observatory Weekly Post for 2023 ranks the clubs in 53 leagues around the world according to the average size of the line-ups fielded in the current or last completed season. Almost 13 centimetres separate the ‘tallest’ and ‘shortest’ teams: Hungary’s Kecskeméti TE (187.13cm) and Japan’s Sagan Tosu (174.18cm).

While Japanese clubs monopolise the bottom three places (Sagan Tosu, Albirex Niigata and Yokohama FC), three German clubs are in the top four positions: TSG Hoffenheim, FC Schalke 04 and FC Heidenheim. Rayo Vallecano is the only European big-5 league team with an average height on the pitch shorter than 180cm (178.61cm).

The world average is 181.46cm, with higher values in the UEFA association leagues (182.65cm) than in the other continents (179.54cm). All 55 teams where players over 185cm played a majority of minutes are from the Old Continent. More demographic data for 31 European top divisions are available in this Atlas.

>>> Data per club

Issue 443 of the CIES Football Observatory Weekly Post presents the exclusive data from our partners SkillCorner on the players* with record values in 40 competitions around the world for three indicators: distance covered, number of sprints during possession (>25 km/h for at least 0.7 seconds), as well as the same indicator during phases without the ball, in all three cases per 90’ of presence on the pitch.

In the European big-5, the following midfielders top the list in terms of distance covered per 90’: Sander Berge (Burnley FC), Koke Resurrección (Atlético Madrid), Daniel Boloca (US Sassuolo), Hugo Larsson (Eintracht Frankfurt) and Adrien Thomasson (RC Lens). When it comes to the number of sprints in the defensive phase, full-backs tend to come out on top, with the notable exception of the incredibly generous Heung-Min Son (Tottenham Hotspur) in the Premier League.

As for sprints in the offensive phase, the top spots notably include Nicolas Jackson (Chelsea FC) in the Premier League, the very promising Karim Konaté (RB Salzburg) in the Austrian Bundesliga, Sheraldo Becker (Union Berlin) in the UEFA’s Champions League, the Algerian arrow Mohamed Amoura (Union Saint-Gilloise) in the Europa League, Biel (EC Bahia) in the freshly terminated Brasilierão, as well as Agustín Canobbio (Athletico Paranaense) in the Copa Libertadores.

* To be included, players had to have played at least 720’ up to 7 December 2023 in national competitions and 360’ in international competitions.

>>> Full data

Issue 442 of the CIES Football Observatory Weekly Post presents the footballers in the world who have played the most minutes in official matches (clubs as well as national U21- and A-teams) in 2023 up until December 4th. Topping the list in absolute terms is the Paraguayan centre back Gustavo Gómez of the Brazilian side Palmeiras, with 6,213 minutes in 70 matches.

Another Palmeiras player, Weverton Pereira (6,150 minutes in 68 matches), heads the rankings for goalkeepers active outside Europe, ahead of Rafael Monteiro from São Paulo, while the most-used goalkeeper playing for clubs in UEFA associations is Luxembourg’s Anthony Moris of Union St-Gilloise (5,590 minutes in 62 matches), ahead of KRC Genk’s Maarten Vandevoordt.

Among outfield players from European teams, the top three are Manchester United’s Portuguese Bruno Fernandes (5,748 minutes in 66 matches), Feyenoord’s Slovakian Dávid Hancko (5,248 minutes in 58 matches) and Real Madrid’s German Antonio Rüdiger (5,223 minutes in 63 matches). Thirty-five-year-old Dušan Tadić (Serbia and Fenerbahçe) is the oldest player in the top 10.

>>> Top 50 per position and zone